{"id":15126,"date":"2022-05-23T16:52:32","date_gmt":"2022-05-23T13:52:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/haliccevre.com\/?p=15126"},"modified":"2022-05-23T16:52:32","modified_gmt":"2022-05-23T13:52:32","slug":"kursun-maruziyeti-ve-beethovenin-olumu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/demo.haliccevre.com\/kursun-maruziyeti-ve-beethovenin-olumu\/","title":{"rendered":"KUR\u015eUN MARUZ\u0130YET\u0130 VE BEETHOVEN\u2019IN \u00d6L\u00dcM\u00dc"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"2000\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda yap\u0131lan yeni testler Ludwig van Beethoven’\u0131n kur\u015fun zehirlenmesinden muzdarip oldu\u011funu do\u011frulad\u0131.\u00a0Hayat\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde onu sefalet i\u00e7inde b\u0131rakan onlarca y\u0131ll\u0131k hastal\u0131k ya\u015fayan efsanevi besteci 1827’de \u00f6ld\u00fc. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar kur\u015fun seviyelerinin neden bu kadar y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fundan emin de\u011filler, ancak baz\u0131 fikirleri var.<\/p>\n

Argonne, Illinois’deki Enerji Departman\u0131 laboratuvar\u0131nda Beethoven’\u0131n sa\u00e7 \u00f6rneklerini ve kafatas\u0131 par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 inceleyen bir ekibin ba\u015f\u0131nda bulunan Bill Walsh, “Bir\u00e7ok olas\u0131l\u0131k var” diyor. Besteci bir \u015farap severdi ve o zamanlar \u015faraplar\u0131n y\u00fcksek kur\u015fun seviyeleri i\u00e7erdi\u011fi biliniyordu. Walsh, ayr\u0131ca k\u0131smen kur\u015fundan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir kadehten maden suyu i\u00e7ti\u011fi bir kapl\u0131cada kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Ancak Walsh, Beethoven’\u0131n normalden daha y\u00fcksek kur\u015fun seviyelerine maruz kalmam\u0131\u015f olabilece\u011fini de s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.\u00a0Walsh, bestecinin kur\u015funa kar\u015f\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 duyarl\u0131 olabilece\u011fini ve v\u00fccudunun onu ortadan kald\u0131ramam\u0131\u015f olabilece\u011fini de s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Walsh, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n test ettikleri sa\u00e7 ve kemik \u00f6rneklerinin iki farkl\u0131 kaynaktan geldikleri ve DNA testleri ile e\u015fle\u015ftirildikleri i\u00e7in Beethoven’a ait oldu\u011funa ikna olduklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Ludwig van Beethoven’\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc takip eden g\u00fcnlerde, arkada\u015flar\u0131 ve hayranlar\u0131 onun cesedini g\u00f6rmeye geldiler ve hat\u0131ra olarak sa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kestiler.\u00a0Bu \u00e7al\u0131nan \u00f6rneklerden birinin yak\u0131n zamanda yap\u0131lan kimyasal analizi, bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0131bbi tedavinin, kur\u015fun zehirlenmesini k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015ftirerek Beethoven’\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc h\u0131zland\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olabilece\u011fi sonucuna varmalar\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n

Mart 1827’deki \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden d\u00f6rt ay \u00f6nce, Beethoven muhtemelen siroz nedeniyle a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kar\u0131n \u015fi\u015fkinli\u011fi ya\u015famaya ba\u015flad\u0131.\u00a0Doktoru Andreas Wawruch, s\u0131v\u0131y\u0131 bo\u015faltmak i\u00e7in karn\u0131n\u0131 bir i\u011fne ile deldi.\u00a0Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, 2005’ten beri Beethoven’\u0131n da ciddi kur\u015fun zehirlenmesinden muzdarip oldu\u011funu biliyorlard\u0131.\u00a0Avusturya’daki Viyana T\u0131p \u00dcniversitesi’nden adli bilim adam\u0131 Christian Reiter taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen en son sa\u00e7 ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131, iki sorunu birbirine ba\u011fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Sa\u00e7 uzad\u0131k\u00e7a kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndaki kur\u015fun dahil maddeleri emer.\u00a0Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Reiter, iki k\u0131l\u0131 bir spektrografla analiz etti ve son 4 ay\u0131 boyunca Beethoven’\u0131n i\u00e7 kimyas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturdu.\u00a0Bestecinin, \u00f6l\u00fcm d\u00f6\u015fe\u011finde d\u00f6rt kez karn\u0131 delinmi\u015f ve her seferinde v\u00fccudundan 7.7 ila 14 litre s\u0131v\u0131 ak\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0Her kar\u0131n ponksiyonundan sonra bestecinin sa\u00e7\u0131ndaki kur\u015fun miktar\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.\u00a0Korelasyon, palyatif \u00f6nlemin kur\u015fun zehirlenmesini k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015ftirdi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor ve Reiter, olas\u0131 bir su\u00e7lu olarak yaray\u0131 temizlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan kur\u015fun tuzlar\u0131n\u0131 su\u00e7luyor.\u00a0Reiter, ba\u015frol\u00fcn bestecinin sirozunu k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015ftirdi\u011fini ve \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tahmin ediyor.\u00a0\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ngilizce \u00e7evirisi The Beethoven Journal’\u0131n\u00a0en son say\u0131s\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r\u00a0.<\/p>\n

Illinois, Warrenville’deki Sa\u011fl\u0131k Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc ve Pfeiffer Tedavi Merkezi ara\u015ft\u0131rma direkt\u00f6r\u00fc William Walsh, “T\u0131p doktoru asl\u0131nda Beethoven’\u0131 kur\u015fun zehirlenmesiyle \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f olabilir” diyor.<\/p>\n

Beethoven\u2019\u0131n kur\u015fun zehirlenmesinden \u00f6lmesiyle ilgili y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen bir ba\u015fka tart\u0131\u015fma ise \u2018cam armonika\u2019 denen bir m\u00fczik aleti ile ilgilidir. 1761’de Benjamin Franklin taraf\u0131ndan icat edilen cam armonika, Franklin Amerikan Devrimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda Fransa’y\u0131 ziyaret etti\u011finde Ludwig van Beethoven ve Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart’a g\u00f6sterildi.\u00a0Daha sonra her iki besteci de enstr\u00fcman i\u00e7in m\u00fczik yazd\u0131 ve bu da uluslararas\u0131 bir sansasyon ve bat\u0131l inan\u00e7 yaratt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Enstr\u00fcman, m\u00fczisyen nemli parmaklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fczerlerine yerle\u015ftirirken d\u00f6nen bir mil boyunca dizilmi\u015f, dereceli boyutlarda \u015fi\u015firilmi\u015f kristal kaselerden olu\u015fur.\u00a0Enstr\u00fcman\u0131n erken tarihinde, bazen kristal yerine kur\u015fun cam kadeh tak\u0131m\u0131 kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bu notalar\u0131 ay\u0131rt etmek i\u00e7in baz\u0131 kaselere kur\u015funlu boya uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Naperville, Illinois’deki Sa\u011fl\u0131k Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc’ne g\u00f6re, Beethoven’\u0131n sa\u00e7\u0131 \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan son Kaliforniya destekli ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, bestecinin bug\u00fcn normalden 100 kat daha fazla kur\u015fun konsantrasyonuna sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. San Jose Eyalet \u00dcniversitesi taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6revlendirilen ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, Beethoven’\u0131n kur\u015fun zehirlenmesi ge\u00e7irdi\u011finin neredeyse kesin oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorlar veya baz\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, garip davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131, belki sa\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc bu \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klayabiliyor.<\/p>\n

Modern armonikalar, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri’nde, Waltham, Mass.’de yerle\u015fik G. Finkenbeiner Inc. taraf\u0131ndan, cam kaselerin \u00fcflendi\u011fi ve elektrikle d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclen millerin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerde yap\u0131l\u0131r.\u00a0Art\u0131k i\u00e7lerinde kur\u015fun cam ve kur\u015funlu boya kullan\u0131lmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere nedenleri \u00fczerinde bir \u00e7ok kaynak \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclse de herkesin Beethoven\u2019\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle ilgili olarak hemfikir oldu\u011fu bir nokta var; \u00f6l\u00fcm nedeni kur\u015fun zehirlenmesi\u2026<\/p>\n

\n

Feyza YAL\u00c7IN<\/strong><\/em>
\nKimyager<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\n

KAYNAKLAR<\/strong><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.npr.org\/<\/a>
\nhttps:\/\/www.science.org\/<\/a>
\nhttps:\/\/www.latimes.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

2000\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda yap\u0131lan yeni testler Ludwig van Beethoven’\u0131n kur\u015fun zehirlenmesinden muzdarip oldu\u011funu do\u011frulad\u0131.\u00a0Hayat\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde onu sefalet i\u00e7inde b\u0131rakan onlarca y\u0131ll\u0131k hastal\u0131k ya\u015fayan efsanevi besteci 1827’de \u00f6ld\u00fc. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar kur\u015fun seviyelerinin neden bu kadar y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fundan emin de\u011filler, ancak baz\u0131 fikirleri var. Argonne, Illinois’deki Enerji Departman\u0131 laboratuvar\u0131nda Beethoven’\u0131n sa\u00e7 \u00f6rneklerini ve kafatas\u0131 par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 inceleyen … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[287],"class_list":["post-15126","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog","tag-kursun-maruziyeti"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/demo.haliccevre.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15126","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/demo.haliccevre.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/demo.haliccevre.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/demo.haliccevre.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/demo.haliccevre.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15126"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/demo.haliccevre.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15126\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/demo.haliccevre.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15126"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/demo.haliccevre.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15126"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/demo.haliccevre.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15126"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}